10.a The goal of legal reasoning about before economic，after economic and current economic.

11.a The effect of graph theory and poisson on crime detection and prosecution.

12.a The comparison of pension plan defined benefit and defined contribution

2b Prove that a square matrix whose columns are probability

vectors will have 1 as an eigenvalue. What is the theorem that tells us that the corresponding eigenvector will be nonnegative?

5b Derive a formula for the expected present value of a sequence of

payments (a¡) (each payable at the end of the year) where the annual interest rateis r and the probability that the i-th payment is made is P¡ .